Pitman's Vol 2 - Gauge Box

Front Cover of Volume 2

Building Educator
Volume 2

by R Greenhalgh (Ed)

Published by Pitman & Sons Ltd
30th October 1926

No ISBN number

Gauge Box
This is for accurately measuring the quantites by volume, for concrete or mortar. They are bottomless, have four sides and are often fitted with handles

Gauge Box
Fig. 4 - Volume 2, page 61

Pitman's Vol 2 - Hoffmann Kiln

Front Cover of Volume 2

Building Educator
Volume 2

by R Greenhalgh (Ed)

Published by Pitman & Sons Ltd
30th October 1926

No ISBN number

Brick Manufacture
The Hoffmann, is undoubtedly the most successful type
of kiln. In these kilns, the whole of the heat generated is utilized progressively, with the result that the process of burning is gradual and controlled

Pitman's Vol 4 - Bonding

Front Cover of Volume 4

Building Educator
Volume 4

by R Greenhalgh (Ed)

Published by Pitman & Sons Ltd
27th November 1926

No ISBN number

General Principles of Bonding
The arrangement of bricks when building, is of great importance, as upon this depends the strength and appearance of the work

Wall without Bond
Fig. 7 - Volume 4, page 157

Consider Fig.7, it is clear that a wall built in this manner would tend to split along the continuous vertical joints,
if subjected to any irregular strain

Pitman's Vol 4 - Openings

Front Cover of Volume 4

Building Educator
Volume 4

by R Greenhalgh (Ed)

Published by Pitman & Sons Ltd
27th November 1926

No ISBN number

Window and Door Openings
In forming window and door openings, some modifications of the foregoing rules are necessary, and will entail the use of several different types of closer

Pitman's Vol 4 - Junctions

Front Cover of Volume 4

Building Educator
Volume 4

by R Greenhalgh (Ed)

Published by Pitman & Sons Ltd
27th November 1926

No ISBN number

Junctions
Where two walls meet at an angle, the bond at the junction should be arranged, if possible, so that the
indent is in the stretching course, and the tie, or projecting toothing of the joining wall, in the heading course

Pitman's Vol 4 - Squints

Front Cover of Volume 4

Building Educator
Volume 4

by R Greenhalgh (Ed)

Published by Pitman & Sons Ltd
27th November 1926

No ISBN number

Squint Quoins
Where the corner, or quoin, a building is formed by two walls meeting at an angle other than a right angle, specially shaped bricks are required at the external angle

Using Squint bricks for obtuse corners
Fig. 23a - Volume 4, page 162

Bricks purposely manufactured can be obtained for angles in common use, otherwise they must be cut on the job

Pitman's Vol 5 - Bonding

Front Cover of Volume 5

Building Educator
Volume 5

by R Greenhalgh (Ed)

Published by Pitman & Sons Ltd
11th December 1926

No ISBN number

Stretching Bond
This bond, see Fig. 24, applies to walls of ½-brick thick, such as sleeper or partition walls, and also to chimney stacks, where it is frequently termed chimney bond

Stretching Bond
Fig. 24 - Volume 5 page 214

Pitman's Vol 5 - Cavity Walls

Front Cover of Volume 5

Building Educator
Volume 5

by R Greenhalgh (Ed)

Published by Pitman & Sons Ltd
11th December 1926

No ISBN number

Cavity Walls
In bleak and exposed situations, subject to driving rain and snow, the external walls of buildings are frequently built with a space in their thickness, usually 2" wide, to prevent penetration of dampness into the interior of the building

Near the sea, the spray carried by the wind, deposits salt on the face of the walls, and this permanently attracts moisture from a humid atmosphere

Pitman's Vol 8 - Isolated Piers

Front Cover of Volume 8

Building Educator
Volume 8

by R Greenhalgh (Ed)

Published by Pitman & Sons Ltd
22nd January 1927

No ISBN number

Extract from pages 373-374

Isolated Piers
Receiving no support from abutting walls, these need to be of a greater sectional area than connected piers

Their height is relative to their sectional area, owing to brickwork's liability to buckle under its own weight, as well as the applied load

Pitman's Vol 12 - Copings

Front Cover of Volume 12

Building Educator
Volume 12

by R Greenhalgh (Ed)

Published by Pitman & Sons Ltd
19th March 1927

No ISBN number

The tops of all walls exposed to the weather have to be protected by some form of covering, to prevent the penetration of rainwater, which would otherwise soak down through the wall into the interior of the building

Pitman's Vol 13 - Isometric

The following is an isometric drawing showing
the construction of a small house

Pitman's Vol 14 - Arch History

Front Cover of Volume 14

Building Educator
Volume 14

by R Greenhalgh (Ed)

Published by Pitman & Sons Ltd
16th April 1927

No ISBN number

Extract from pages 647-654

Origins
The actual origin of the arch is somewhat vague. As far as can be traced, it was first used as an ornamental feature in some of the ancient buildings of Western Asia

Pitman's Vol 14 - Arch Terminology

Front Cover of Volume 14

Building Educator
Volume 14

by R Greenhalgh (Ed)

Published by Pitman & Sons Ltd
16th April 1927

No ISBN number

Extract from page 648

Load on a arch
Fig. 52 - Volume 14 page 648

The load carried by an arch is the triangle of brickwork contained within the offsets, shaded in grey

In a segmental arch, this covers the entire span

With a semi-circular arch, it is shown by the tangents to the curve

Pitman's Vol 14 - Types of Arches

Front Cover of Volume 14

Building Educator
Volume 14

by R Greenhalgh (Ed)

Published by Pitman & Sons Ltd
16th April 1927

No ISBN number

Extract from pages 648-650

There are many different forms of the arch in use at the present time, built up by a combination of different curves

Pitman's Vol 14 - Rough and Relieving Arches

Front Cover of Volume 14

Building Educator
Volume 14

by R Greenhalgh (Ed)

Published by Pitman & Sons Ltd
16th April 1927

No ISBN number

Extract from page 649

Rough Arches
These are constructed of uncut bricks, usually built up in concentric rings half a brick thick, the number of rings varying with the span of the opening

Pitman's Vol 14 - Semi-circular Arch

Front Cover of Volume 14

Building Educator
Volume 14

by R Greenhalgh (Ed)

Published by Pitman & Sons Ltd
16th April 1927

No ISBN number

Extract from page 651

Semicircular Arch
This is one of the simplest kinds to set out. The springing line is drawn and the span of the opening marked off on either side of a centre line

Pitman's Volume 14 - Segmental Arch

Front Cover of Volume 14

Building Educator
Volume 14

by R Greenhalgh (Ed)

Published by Pitman & Sons Ltd
16th April 1927

No ISBN number

Extract from page 651

Segmental Arch
The procedure is similar to that of the semicircular arch, but as the curve is less than a semicircle, the centre will lie below the springing line

Pitman's Volume 14 - Gothic or Pointed Arch

Front Cover of Volume 14

Building Educator
Volume 14

by R Greenhalgh (Ed)

Published by Pitman & Sons Ltd
16th April 1927

No ISBN number

Extract from page 651

Gothic or Pointed Arch
These arches consist of two curves meeting at the apex of a triangle. The centres from which the curves are struck may be on or below the springing line, and in between or outside the springing points

Pitman's Vol 14 - Flat or Camber Arch

Front Cover of Volume 14

Building Educator
Volume 14

by R Greenhalgh (Ed)

Published by Pitman & Sons Ltd
16th April 1927

No ISBN number

Extract from page 652

Flat or Camber Arch
In setting out these arches, the top and bottom edges are equally divided for the voussoirs, as too much room would be required to line out the radials to a centre

Pitman's Vol 14 - Arch Template

Front Cover of Volume 14

Building Educator
Volume 14

by R Greenhalgh (Ed)

Published by Pitman & Sons Ltd
16th April 1927

No ISBN number

Extract from pages 652-654

Traversing a Mould
Great care is required when cutting the template, which must be perfectly true since any slight inaccuracy will be multiplied by the number of the voussoirs in the arch

Pitman's Vol 20 - Decorative Brickwork

Front Cover of Volume 20

Building Educator
Volume 20

by R Greenhalgh (Ed)

Published by Pitman & Sons Ltd
9th July 1927

No ISBN number

Extract from pages 954-959

Ornamental Brickwork

Ornamented Chimneys
Fig. 77 - Volume 20, page 954

The Tudor chimney stacks of the 16th century, provide very fine examples of this ancient craftsmanship

Many different types can still be seen at Hampton Court Palace

Examples of Herring-bone, Basket-weave, and Checker-board patterns are shown in Figs. 78, 79, 80, and 81