Pitman's Vol 4 - Openings

Front Cover of Volume 4

Building Educator
Volume 4

by R Greenhalgh (Ed)

Published by Pitman & Sons Ltd
27th November 1926

No ISBN number

Window and Door Openings
In forming window and door openings, some modifications of the foregoing rules are necessary, and will entail the use of several different types of closer

The vertical sides of an opening are usually termed reveals, or jambs, the latter term being more usual
when speaking of door openings

Window Openings
Fig 21d - Volume 4, page 161

For fixing these frames, wooden slips, called fixing pads, are built into the joints of the internal reveal about every fourth course

Bricks made of breeze concrete, into which nails may be driven, are also used for this purpose. These make a better job, as there is no fear of shrinkage and loosening as in the case of the wooden slips

A number of examples are given, showing the brickwork bonding for openings in walls of various thicknesses

Where the recess is ¼-brick, the reveal header is mitred across its width, the outside face being ½-brick and the inside ¼-brick, giving a mitred closer or bat

1-brick wall with ½-brick recess and ¼-brick recess
Fig 21a - Volume 4, page 161

The closer next to the reveal header is cut across its length, showing ¼-brick on its face and ½-brick at the back, called a bevelled closer

1½-brick wall with ½-brick recess and ¼-brick recess
Fig 21b - Volume 4, page 161

Where the recess is ½-brick in depth, the reveal header is a half bat, and the closer is cut ¼-brick in width on the face to ½-brick, half-way along its length, a king-closer

2-brick wall with ½-brick recess and ¼-brick recess
Fig 21c - Volume 4, page 161

Whatever the thickness of the walls, it should be noticed that the arrangement on the face does not alter. Where the wall is over 1½-brick in thickness, the internal reveal is treated as a quoin, and so starts with a closer next the header